2011湖南在职研究生网语法复习要点
本讲语法结构部分主要包括名词的数、格、形容词、情态动词、时态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、以及主谓一致等，限于篇幅，每个专题仅对部分重点内容进行简明扼要地归纳，供大家复习参考。
一、名词
（一）名词的数
可数名词有单、复数两种形式。复数形式除了规则变化外，应注意以下几点：
1．以下名词只有单数形式。
food soil population hair bread damage
advice housework homework game (猎场) furniture
work clothing air courage scenery
information dust equipment evidence fruit fun
machinery glass intelligence ice money luck
meat milk poverty news progress rice
rain sand idea想法 snow soap ignorance
tea sugarwater work traffic wealth
vocabulary poetry transportation luggage warfare
They are so excited today, for they bought a lot of furniture yesterday. （ two pieces of furniture）
注：furniture前可用pieces of或much, much 通常用在否定句或疑问句中。
My information is that she has passed the college entrance examination.
2．以下名词只有复数形式
goods (货物) effects (财物) papers(文件)
greens (青菜) looks (外貌) manners (礼貌)
riches(财富) arms (武器) customs (关税)
The greens are always nourishable. 青菜总是富有营养的。
Small arms are often carried by the soldiers. 士兵常携带小型兵器。
3．以下名词单、复数同形
aircraft Chinese fish Japanese series
sheep Swiss shark (鲨鱼) deer means
species buffalo hovercraft (气垫船) wildduck (野鸭)
There are some deer in the woods.
Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate.
4．以下名词形式上为复数，意义上则为单数
scissors glasses trousers shoes clothes tongs
shorts (短期债券) stockings tweezers (镊子)
上述名词可用some修饰；clothes除外。也可用a pair of…
Try to find me some scissors.
He stands 1.7 meters in his stockings.
5．以下名词的复数是不规则的
child—children man—men woman—women
tooth—teeth foot—feet mouse—mice
louse—lice ox—oxen goose—geese
Children less than 5 years old have emotional needs that only loving parents can fill.
6．以下是一些外来词的不规则形式
analysis—analyses (分析) crisis—crises (危机)
bacterium—bacteria (细菌) criterion—criteria (标准)
diagnosis—diagnoses (诊断) medium—media (媒介)
appendix—appendices (索引) emphasis—emphases
radius—radii (辐射状部分；半径) datum—data (数据)
phenomenon—phenomena (现象) thesis—theses
formula—formulae/formulas (公式；俗套话) axis—axes (轴)
This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to everyone. 这篇文章论述的是人人都感兴趣的那种自然现象。
The media are often accused of being biased. 传媒常常被指责有偏见。