2011四川在职研究生网试题考点讲解
通用性的解题方法
完形填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索，通过综合分析这些线索推测未知填空的答案。在这里总结一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律，这些方法大多适用于动词、名词、形容词和副词。
1)无关词排除法(与主题相关原则)
完形文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.
35. A) publicity B) penalty C) popularity D) peculiarity
2)同现结构法(与文章主题导向或倾向一致原则)
同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完形文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行支持。因此，文章的整体导向可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 (Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .
43. A) subtle B) obvious C) mysterious D) doubtful
3)复现结构法(与本题一致原则)
复现是完形文章中词汇的一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与—卜下文的一些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的即为正确答案。
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements
and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.
For example it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 _bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanism against disease—had crashed.
43. A) subtle B) obvious C) mysterious D) doubtful
4)关联结构法
关联是完形文章中经常山现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词，以连续排比性的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语没置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语就成为破解未知词语的关键线索。
Companies 41 ( with)low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active,
42. A) alive B) vivid C ) mobile D ) diverse
5)时间线索定位法
完形文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。
But they insisted that its (指工业革命) 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
43. A ) momentary B ) prompt C ) instant D ) immediate
46. A) broadly B ) thoroughly C ) generally D ) completely
It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, _______ 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process.
30. A) brought B) followed C) stimulated D) characterized
6)总分结构对照分析法
总分之间的基本关系是互相支持、互相印证的对照关系，总述是对分述的总结和概括，分述是对总述的展开。因此，当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分中找到。
Successful safety programs may _____45_____ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by ____46_____ rules or regulations. ____47______ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
45. A) alter B) differ C) shift D) distinguish