下面对1994年—2007年的考研英语真题阅读理解PartA部分进行深度剖析：
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Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament，youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk：elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths。IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks，youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced。
Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon？Hereareafewguesses：a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b）winterbornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity，whichincreasessoccerstamina;c）soccermadparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime，attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove。
AndersEricsson，a58yearoldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity，sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove。”EricssongrewupinSweden，andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology。Hisfirstexperiment，nearly30yearsago，involvedmemory：trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers。“Withthefirstsubject，afterabout20hoursoftraining，hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20，”Ericssonrecalls。“Hekeptimproving，andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers。”
Thissuccess，coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined，ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone。Inotherwords，whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize，thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation。Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully，Ericssondetermined，wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice。Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask。Rather，itinvolvessettingspecificgoals，obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome。
Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits，includingsoccer。Theygatherallthedatatheycan，notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers。Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion：thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated。Or，putanotherway，expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery，balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade，notborn。
21。Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
［A］stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining。
［B］spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup。
［C］introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance。
［D］explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers。
22。Theword“mania”mostprobablymeans
［A］fun。［B］craze。［C］hysteria。［D］excitement。
23。AccordingtoEricsson，goodmemory
［A］dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation。
［B］resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises。
［C］isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors。
［D］requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration。
24。Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
［A］talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess。
［B］biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance。
［C］theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked。
［D］highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture。
25。Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey？
［A］“Faithwillmovemountains。”［B］“Onereapswhatonesows。”
［C］“Practicemakesperfect。”［D］“Likefather，likeson。”
注：1。本书单词右上角标注的数字是该单词在历年真题中出现的次数。
2。单词词义前标注的“①、②”等数字表示该单词同一词性的不同词义。
3。在《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》精读版中本书单词均配有真题例句。
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