1997年Passage1

Itwas3：45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken。Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates，Australia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie。Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10。AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup，halfaworldaway，byJohnHofsess，executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada。Hesentitonviathegroup’sonlineservice，DeathNET。SaysHofsess：“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong，becauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia。It’sworldhistory。”

Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin。TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIIIlawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications。Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief，others，includingchurches，righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation，bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage。Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback。InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation，lifeextendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia。IntheUSandCanada，wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength，observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling。

UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw，anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering。Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors。Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendays，thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest。After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet。ForLloydNickson，a54yearoldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer，theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering：aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition。“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview，butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgo，becauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks，”hesays。

54。Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof_____。

[A]opposition

[B]suspicion

[C]approval

[D]indifference

[答案]C

[解题思路]

从全文总体看来，作者虽然一直没有直接表示自己的态度，但三段中他引用的例子，如第一段中“JohnHofsess”的话和最后一段中“LloydNickson”的例子都是赞成安乐死的。第二段中虽然指出存在反对的声音，但该段中间作者“Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback”一句话笔锋一转，指出这种潮流已经不可逆转，因此可见作者自己也是持支持态度的，正确答案为C。

[题目译文]

54。Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof_____。

[A]opposition

[B]suspicion

[C]approval

[D]indifference

作者对于安乐死的态度看起来是。

[A]反对

[B]怀疑

[C]赞成

[D]漠不关心

1997年Passage5

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy，suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”，makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience。Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth。Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain。Andtherearelong，variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy。Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen，acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel。

Givenallthesedisadvantages，centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate。Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2。3%lastyear，closetoitslowestlevelin30years，beforerisingslightlyto2。5%thisJuly。Thisisalongwaybelowthedoubledigitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s。

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted。Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage3。5%in1995。Infact，itfellto2。6%inAugust，andexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole。InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear。Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears，inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica。

EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates，sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies，andespeciallyAmerica’s，havelittleproductiveslack。America’scapacityutilization，forexample，hishistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear，anditsjoblessratehasfallenbellowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast。

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild？Themostthrillingexplanationis，unfortunately，alittledefective。Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation。

70。Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris_____thepresentsituation。

[A]criticalof

[B]puzzledby

[C]disappointedat

[D]amazedat

[答案]D

[解题思路]

从总体上看来，本文主要讨论的是经济现象中新的现象、变化和趋势。文中第一段第二、三句中指出“Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth。Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain”，第三段第一句话指出“Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted”，第四段第一句话指出“EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates”，而最后一段总结到“powerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation”。从这些语句中都可以判定作者也是以非常惊异的语气来进行描述的，因此正确答案为D。

[题目译文]

70。Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris_____thepresentsituation。

[A]criticalof

[B]puzzledby

[C]disappointedat

[D]amazedat

显示了作者对目前形势的态度是。

[A]批评

[B]困惑

[C]失望

[D]惊异

1998年Passage3

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture。ThinkofGallileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton。Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas，ifanything，deepenedinthiscentury。

Untilrecently，thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics－butnolonger。Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined，scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks，notablyHigherSuperstition，byPaulR。Gross，abiologistattheUniversityofVerginia，andNormanLevitt，amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemonHauntedWorld，byCarSaganofCornellUniversity。

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995，and“ScienceintheAgeofinformation，”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo。

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople。GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity。Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts，creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview。

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell，fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch。

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber，thosemanifesto，publishedin1995，scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia。Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience，asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest。

Theenvironmentalists，inevitably，respondtosuchcritics。Thetrueenemiesofscience，arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity，apioneerofenvironmentalstudies，arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming，thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth。

Indeed，someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless。“Theterm‘antiscience’canlumptogethertoomany，quitedifferentthings，”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAntiScience。“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened”

62。Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs。antiscience”is_____。

[A]impartial

[B]subjective

[C]biased

[D]puzzling

[答案]A

[解题思路]

本文讨论的主要论题就是关于科学与文化在各个方面上的关系问题，其中举了很多互相矛盾的例子，之后又提出了antiscience这个问题，为读者提供了大量的。但是显然中并没有表示作者感情态度的词语出现，作者最后也没有做出明确的结论，说明他的态度是客观的，没有偏见的。

[题目译文]

62。Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs。antiscience”is_____。

[A]impartial

[B]subjective

[C]biased

[D]puzzling

作者对于“科学与反科学对立”这个问题的态度是。

[A]公正的

[B]主观的

[C]有偏见的

[D]令人困惑的