动词不定式
不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语和状语。
1)作定语
(1) 动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如:
He’s a pleasant fellow to work with.
There’s nothing to worry about.
(2) 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:time, reason, chance, right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。例如:
Women should have the right to receive education.
There is no time to hesitate.
(3)the first, the second, the last, the best等之后用不定式做定语。例如:
The monitor will be the first to come.
He was the last man to blame.
2)作状语
(1) 作目的状语。
不定式作状语时,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示强调,亦可置于句首。其否定形式为:在不定式符号前加not。例如:
He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.
To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted.
I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby.
(2) 作结果状语。例如:
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
She left home, never to return again.
(3) 作原因状语
不定式做原因状语时,一般放在句子末尾。例如:
She burst into laughter to see his funny action.
The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.
(4) 有些固定词组带to不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句子做独立成分。这些词有:to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to getto the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth等。例如:
To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing.
To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.
发布者:ws2012
来源:在职研究生网本页网址:http://zzy.china-b.com/gctwk/yy/20090629/1984518_1.html
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