五、一致关系常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误]
一致关系包括主语与谓语、代词与所指代的名词在人称和数上要保持一致两个方面。
1.主语是单数, 谓语却是复数形式, 或反之, 主谓不一致的错误常出现在下列结构中:
①主谓倒装结构;
来源:考试大 ②主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰, 所以距离较远, 考生易误认主语;
③动名词短语或不定式短语作主语;
④主语带有with或such as等附加成分;
⑤关系代词作主语的定语从句;
⑥某些固定结构。
2.代词与所指代的名词不一致的错误常常是:
①在数上不一致;
来源:考试大 ②在人称上不一致;
③在格上不一致;
④出现在从属结构中。
例句:
On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit (D) and bedspreads.(1995年考题)
(答案:B were, 倒装结构, 主语是hundreds of…)
The amount of pressure (A) which (B) the materials are subject (C) to affect (D) the quality of the products.
(答案:D affects, 主语与谓语之间有较长修饰语)
Transforming (A) raw materials into (B) useful products are (C) called manufacturing (D) .
(答案:C is, 主语是动名词短语)
The dean of the college together with some other (A) faculty members are planning (B) a conference for the purpose of (C) laying down certain (D) regulations.
(答案:B is planning, 主语有附加语)
来源:考试大 There are many valuable services (A) which the public are (B) willing to pay for, but which (C) does not (D) bring a return in money to the community.
(答案:D do not, 第二个关系代词which作主语, 先行词是services)
One of the world′s largest (A) salt mines lie (B) directly under (C) rhe city (D) of Detroit.
(答案:B lies, 主语是one)
来源:考试大 George is one (A) of the graduate students who (B) has (C) got a part time (D) job.
(答案:C have, 与先行词students一致)
Mr.Wang is the only one (A) of the teachers in (B) our university who (C) own (D) a car.
(答案:D owns, 与先行词one一致)
注意:上面三个带one的句子对谓语数的影响。
来源:考试大 Many a (A) problem concerning the agricultural production (B) have been (C) solved this way (D) .
(答案:C has been, 与a problem在语法上一致)
It was during the 1920′s that (A) the friendship between (B) the two American writers Heminingway and Fitzgerald reached their (C) highest (D) point.
(答案:C its, 指代friendship, 在数上一致)
Each cigarette which a person smokes does (A) some (B) harm, and eventually you (C) may get a serious disease from its (D) effect.
(答案:C he, 指代a person, 在人称上一致)
It is required by law that a husband have to pay (A) the debts of his wife until (B) formal notice is given that (C) he no longer has to pay her (D) .
(答案:D to pay them, 指代debts, 在人称和数上一致)
His achievements have earned him (A) respect from (B) both his colleagues and those (C) whose positions are higher than he (D) .
(答案:D his, 指代his position, 在格上一致)
发布者:ws2012
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