2009考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记（四）

中华硕博网 WWW.CHINA-B.C0M 2009年02月13日来源：中国教育在线

中华硕博网核心提示: TEXT2Forthepastseveralyears，theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn。”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant，w

TEXT2

Forthepastseveralyears，theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn。”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant，whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded。IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumericalsequences，amongothersimilartasks。SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoeas。What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness？Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence？It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers。

Clearly，intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest。Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart？Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified，andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology，genetics，computerscienceandotherfields？

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore，eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe。Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms：theStanfordBinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales。Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars，theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists，althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandWorldWideWeb。SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100。Otherstandardizedtests，suchastheScholasticAssessmentTestandtheGraduateRecordExam，capturethemainaspectsofIQtests。

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife，arguesRobertJ。Sternberg。Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting？”，Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge，componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess。Moreover，IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange。ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlowstressconditions，butunderhighstressconditions，IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis，itpredictedtheopposite。AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattesttakingskillalsomatters，whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip。

（编辑：佚名）