在学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不轻易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。
1。路
way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway。
road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles。
path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals。
route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads。
street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings。
avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposingorprincipalstreet。
2。时代
period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall。/anextentoftimeofanylength。
time:Itreferstoaperiodinhistory。inancienttimes/inVictoriatime
epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind。
Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind。
era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution
age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory。theBronzeAge,IronAge
3。战斗
fight:Itisabodilystruggle
struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty。
battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces。
campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar。
war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhen
weaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled。
combat:Afight,conflict,controversy。
4。牧师
priest:Aperson,esp。amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp。intheRomanCatholicchurch
minister:Amemberofclergy,esp。Protestantchurches。
clergy:Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple。
clergyman:clergymenamemberofclergy。
pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp。inaProtestantchurch。
vicar:ApriestinchargeofanareainthechurchofEngland。
father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp。intheRomanCatholic。
5。服装
clothing:Generaltermofclothes。
clothes:Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,
dresses,suits,shoes,hats。
garment:Asuitofclothesusedbyactors。/asinglearticleofclothing。
costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc。
2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay。uniform:wornbyallmembersofthecommunity。
dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen。
2)wornonspecialoccasionseveningdress/morningdress
suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether。eveningsuit/swimmingsuit
coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc。
overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet。
6。哭
cry:Themostgeneralone。
weep:Toletflowtears。
sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths。
snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner。
blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily。
whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry。
bawl:Toutterloudcries。
wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow。
moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow。
grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval
mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied。
lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret。
7。漂亮漂亮
good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings。
beautiful:Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility。beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather。
handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen。ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman。
pretty:Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat。aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,
lovely:Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit。Thegardenlookslovely。
fair:Beautifullightincoloresp。,skinhair。
gorgeous:Extremelybeautifulorhandsome。
8。拉拖
pull:Themostgeneralone。
draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull。
drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupaninclineanditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity。
Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace。
haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects。
Thefishermanishaulinganet。
tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull。
Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections。
jerk:Topullsuddenly。
Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound。
tow:Topullbyaropeorchain。Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage。
wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement。
9。旋转
turn:Themostgeneralone。
spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint。
Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion。
Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis。
whirl:Toroundveryfast。
Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol。
Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard。
rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement。
Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours。
revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint。
Itindicatescircularorellipticalmovement。
Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun。
10。生气生气
anger:Themostgeneralone。
becross:Feelingeasytogetangry。
indignation:Anger。
Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful。
Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation。
wrath:Verytreatanger。
Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish。
rage:Wild,violentanger。
Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion。inarage/tofallintoarage。
fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger。
Sheflewintoafury。
11。错误
mistake:Awrongthought,act。ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake。
fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind。Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter。Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition。
findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming:Weakness,failing
Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople。
InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe‘soneofthebestteachersintheschool。
error:Amistake
Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel
Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror。
defect:sthlackingorimperfect。
Itreferstoquality。
Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect。
blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake。
Itimpliesignorance。
Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife。
12。图画
picture:Themostgeneralone。
painting:pictureswithcolor。
drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon。Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings。
sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing。
diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething。
graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated。
illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook。
draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything。
plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove。
elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding。
chart:Amapesp。adetailedmapofaseaarea。
13。非凡
special:Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual。
Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown。
Thetubecontainsspecialgases。
especial:Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional
Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned
Thisisamatterofespecialimportance。
particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson。
Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice。Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn‘thold。
specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined。
Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies。
Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction。Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob。
peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant。
Itimpliesstrangeness。Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking。
14。取消消灭
cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective。
Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence。
abolish:Todoawaywith。Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions。Badcustomsshouldbeabolished。
eliminate:Togetridof。
Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue。
repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder。Somelawsshouldberepealed。
exterminate:Todestroycompletelyandwholly。
Colonialismmustbeexterminated。
15。破碎
break:Themostgeneralone。
crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit。Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure。
Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit。
smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound。
Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit。
crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts。
Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface。
Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit。
burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin。
Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair。
shatter:Tobreakintopieces。
Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface。
Theglasswasshatteredtopieces。
crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged。
16。环境形势
conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto
affectit。Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesamefor
sometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses。
Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries。
situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc。
Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance。
Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging。
environment:Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou。Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectand
materialaspect。Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment。
circumstance:Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffect
whathappens。inthecircumstances
surrounding:Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceor
person。Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,physicallysometimesreflectsspiritualaspect。
Theylivedinhostilesurroundings。