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中华硕博网核心提示: 在学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不轻易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的

在学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不轻易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。

1。路

way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway。

road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles。

path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals。

route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads。

street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings。

avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposingorprincipalstreet。

2。时代

period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall。/anextentoftimeofanylength。

time:Itreferstoaperiodinhistory。inancienttimes/inVictoriatime

epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind。

Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind。

era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution

age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory。theBronzeAge,IronAge

3。战斗

fight:Itisabodilystruggle

struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty。

battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces。

campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar。

war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhen

weaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled。

combat:Afight,conflict,controversy。

4。牧师

priest:Aperson,esp。amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp。intheRomanCatholicchurch

minister:Amemberofclergy,esp。Protestantchurches。

clergy:Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple。

clergyman:clergymenamemberofclergy。

pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp。inaProtestantchurch。

vicar:ApriestinchargeofanareainthechurchofEngland。

father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp。intheRomanCatholic。

5。服装

clothing:Generaltermofclothes。

clothes:Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,

dresses,suits,shoes,hats。

garment:Asuitofclothesusedbyactors。/asinglearticleofclothing。

costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc。

2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay。uniform:wornbyallmembersofthecommunity。

dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen。

2)wornonspecialoccasionseveningdress/morningdress

suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether。eveningsuit/swimmingsuit

coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc。

overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet。

6。哭

cry:Themostgeneralone。

weep:Toletflowtears。

sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths。

snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner。

blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily。

whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry。

bawl:Toutterloudcries。

wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow。

moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow。

grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval

mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied。

lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret。

7。漂亮漂亮

good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings。

beautiful:Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility。beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather。

handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen。ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman。

pretty:Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat。aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,

lovely:Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit。Thegardenlookslovely。

fair:Beautifullightincoloresp。,skinhair。

gorgeous:Extremelybeautifulorhandsome。

8。拉拖

pull:Themostgeneralone。

draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull。

drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupaninclineanditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity。

Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace。

haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects。

Thefishermanishaulinganet。

tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull。

Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections。

jerk:Topullsuddenly。

Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound。

tow:Topullbyaropeorchain。Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage。

wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement。

9。旋转

turn:Themostgeneralone。

spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint。

Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion。

Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis。

whirl:Toroundveryfast。

Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol。

Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard。

rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement。

Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours。

revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint。

Itindicatescircularorellipticalmovement。

Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun。

10。生气生气

anger:Themostgeneralone。

becross:Feelingeasytogetangry。

indignation:Anger。

Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful。

Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation。

wrath:Verytreatanger。

Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish。

rage:Wild,violentanger。

Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion。inarage/tofallintoarage。

fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger。

Sheflewintoafury。

11。错误

mistake:Awrongthought,act。ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake。

fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind。Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter。Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition。

findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming:Weakness,failing

Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople。

InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe‘soneofthebestteachersintheschool。

error:Amistake

Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel

Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror。

defect:sthlackingorimperfect。

Itreferstoquality。

Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect。

blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake。

Itimpliesignorance。

Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife。

12。图画

picture:Themostgeneralone。

painting:pictureswithcolor。

drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon。Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings。

sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing。

diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething。

graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated。

illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook。

draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything。

plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove。

elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding。

chart:Amapesp。adetailedmapofaseaarea。

13。非凡

special:Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual。

Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown。

Thetubecontainsspecialgases。

especial:Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional

Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned

Thisisamatterofespecialimportance。

particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson。

Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice。Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn‘thold。

specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined。

Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies。

Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction。Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob。

peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant。

Itimpliesstrangeness。Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking。

14。取消消灭

cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective。

Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence。

abolish:Todoawaywith。Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions。Badcustomsshouldbeabolished。

eliminate:Togetridof。

Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue。

repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder。Somelawsshouldberepealed。

exterminate:Todestroycompletelyandwholly。

Colonialismmustbeexterminated。

15。破碎

break:Themostgeneralone。

crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit。Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure。

Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit。

smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound。

Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit。

crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts。

Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface。

Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit。

burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin。

Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair。

shatter:Tobreakintopieces。

Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface。

Theglasswasshatteredtopieces。

crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged。

16。环境形势

conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto

affectit。Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesamefor

sometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses。

Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries。

situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc。

Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance。

Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging。

environment:Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou。Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectand

materialaspect。Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment。

circumstance:Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffect

whathappens。inthecircumstances

surrounding:Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceor

person。Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,physicallysometimesreflectsspiritualaspect。

Theylivedinhostilesurroundings。

(编辑:佚名)